Buying land is a big step, and in Tanzania, it’s more than just an investment it’s a way to build a future for yourself and your family. Whether you want to build a home, start a business, or farm, buying land can be a great decision. But it’s not something to rush into. There are important things to think about to make sure your investment is safe and worth it. Here’s a simple guide to help you make the right choices when buying land in Tanzania.

1. Know the type of land ownership  

In Tanzania, land ownership falls into two main categories: Customary Land and Granted Right of Occupancy. Customary Land is commonly found in rural areas, where it is managed by local communities. This type of land ownership is often passed down through generations and follows traditional practices rather than formal legal procedures. Because of this, it may not always have official documentation, making it important to verify its status before purchasing. On the other hand, Granted Right of Occupancy is a more secure and structured form of land ownership, mainly found in towns and cities. This type of land is allocated by the government and comes with a legal right to use it for a set period—usually 33, 66, or 99 years. When this period ends, the owner has the option to renew the lease, ensuring continued possession. This makes Granted Right of Occupancy the safest and most reliable way to own land in Tanzania.

If you are considering buying land, it is crucial to confirm its ownership type. Customary Land, while widely available, can pose legal risks if it is not properly documented. To avoid potential disputes, it is advisable to have the land surveyed and converted into a Granted Right of Occupancy. Before making a purchase, always ask about the land’s legal status and ensure all necessary paperwork is in place. This will help prevent complications in the future and secure your investment.

2. Check the land’s legal status  

Before buying land, it’s important to make sure there are no legal problems attached to it. The last thing you want is to spend your money, only to find out later that someone else also claims ownership or that the land is involved in a court dispute. A little extra effort before purchasing can save you from major headaches in the future.

The first step is to visit the Ministry of Lands, Housing, and Human Settlements Development. Here, you can check the official records to confirm who owns the land. This helps ensure that the seller is the legitimate owner and that there are no hidden issues. Next, check if the land has any encumbrances meaning, whether it has been used as security for a loan or is part of an on-going legal case. If a bank or another institution has a claim on the land, you might face difficulties taking full ownership. Verifying this in advance can protect you from unexpected financial or legal troubles. Lastly, inspect the land boundaries to make sure they are properly marked and surveyed. Clear boundaries prevent future disputes with neighbours, who may later claim that part of your land belongs to them. A survey report or a physical visit with a land officer can help confirm the exact size and limits of the property Taking these steps before buying land can give you peace of mind, knowing that your investment is safe and secure.

3. Understand zoning and land use rules  

Not all land in Tanzania serves the same purpose. Some areas are designated for building homes, while others are set aside for businesses or farming. Before purchasing land, it is important to check its zoning regulations to ensure it aligns with your intended use. Buying land without understanding its permitted purpose can lead to legal issues or unexpected restrictions. One of the best ways to get accurate information is by visiting the local council. Authorities can provide details about the land’s designated use and inform you of any permits you may need before proceeding with development. This step is crucial, as some land may have strict regulations that could affect your plans.

It is also wise to look into any future projects planned for the area. Large infrastructure developments, such as new roads, airports, or commercial centers, can significantly impact the value of your land. While such projects may increase property prices and bring new opportunities, they can also cause disruptions if you are unprepared. Checking future development plans can help you make an informed decision and avoid potential challenges down the road.

4. Get help from a lawyer  

Buying land is a complex process that involves several legal steps, and making mistakes can lead to serious problems. To ensure a smooth and secure transaction, it is highly recommended to hire a good lawyer. A legal expert can guide you through the process, help you avoid common pitfalls, and make sure everything is done correctly. One of the most important tasks a lawyer will handle is conducting legal checks on the land. They will verify the ownership details, ensuring that the seller has the legal right to sell the property. This step helps prevent disputes or hidden issues that could cause trouble later.

A lawyer will also review the sale agreement with you. Property contracts can be complicated, and it’s crucial to understand the terms before signing. Your lawyer will make sure the agreement is fair and protects your interests. Finally, your lawyer will assist with the transfer of ownership, making sure the land is officially registered in your name. This step is essential for securing your legal rights and avoiding any future claims against the property. By working with a professional, you can have peace of mind knowing that your investment is legally protected.

5. Think About Location and Access  

The location of the land is one of the most important factors to consider before making a purchase. A good location can make life easier, increase the land’s value, and make it more attractive for future buyers or investors. Before buying, take the time to check whether the land is accessible and has the basic services you need. One key factor to look at is access roads. Land that is difficult to reach can be challenging to develop and may have a lower resale value. Make sure there are proper roads leading to the property, and consider whether they are well-maintained and usable in all weather conditions. Another important aspect is the availability of utilities. Check if the land has access to essential services such as water, electricity, and sewage systems. If these are not already in place, you will need to plan for additional costs and efforts to bring them in.

Lastly, consider how close the land is to important amenities. If you’re planning to build a home, having schools, hospitals, markets, and public transport nearby can make daily life more convenient. For businesses, being near a busy area with good infrastructure can attract more customers. Choosing the right location ensures that your investment is practical and beneficial in the long run.

Director Brighton Ross Kinemo (MIoDRT 1930) is the Head of Training and Data Sales at the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE). An Associate Member of the Chartered Institute of Securities and Investment (CISI UK) and an Member of Institute of Directors Tanzania (IODT), he is also an alumnus of the Maastricht School of Management (MSM), Netherlands, where he completed a Strategic Leadership Program, and Certificate of Leadership from Uongozi Institute. Reach him at bross@dse.co.tz

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